What is SMPS?- DC Power Supply
What is SMPS? What is its full name? How does it work? How many types are there? Where is it used? What are its benefits? I Tried to give accurate answers to all these questions. Hope you like it and also helpful for you.
Full-Form of SMPS- Switch Mode Power Supply
What is SMPS?
SMPS is a device made up of a combination of both electrical and electronics components. In which the incoming voltage is electrical 230V AC. Outgoing voltage is used for electronic equipment. Whose output is of very low voltage. Such as 5V,6V,12V, 24V, 48V DC.
Due to the switching on-off process happening sometime in a second, it is called Switch Mode Power Supply.
The main purpose of SMPS is to step down, smooth the power supply and provide it to the equipment.
If understood simply, today we all use SMPS. Almost everyone has a mobile. The mobile charger is an SMPS only. Which we provide incoming 230 V AC, but the output is 5 volt which is used to charge the mobile.
Apart from this, SMPS is used to power different cards of the computer. Switch Mode Power Supply is definitely used where the electronic device is used.
Remember – the electricity used in our home and appliances is AC (Alternating Current). Whereas the voltage from the battery is DC(Direct Current).
SMPS Power Supply is mostly used in the equipment of industries. As used in PLC system. Used in VFD. There are other machines in which electronic cards have been used, in which Switch Mode Power Supply is used.
SMPS is available in different capacities. Current ranges from 5 amps to 15 amps in capacity. The output voltage ranges from 5 volt dc to 48 volt dc. It is also available in single output and is also available in more than one output. Which one we have to buy, it is based on our need.
Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an electronics device. Which provides us power using PWM (Pulse width Modulation) switching high frequency and inductor and capacitor. This is a type of transformer only. Where voltage is stepped down.
How does SMPS Power Supply work? SMPS working?
In Switch Mode Power Supply, the first input supply 230 volt AC is provided. Which first goes to the Input Rectifier. From here, the switching device key progresses through the filter.
The switching system of the transistor is controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). And the output control is done by the PWM duty cycle itself.
The DC output that is then received is filtered through a filter circuit.
DC of this high value is reduced by the inverter and converted to AC.
Later it is stepped down by transformer. Where the value of voltage is kept according to our requirement. The output from the transformer is again converted to DC through the diode circuit.
The low voltage DC has to pass through the filter once again to smooth it out. After this, the output we get is pure DC supply. Which we use in our equipment. The transformer used in it works on 60hz. Its functionality is good.
SMPS Circuit – DC Power Supply Circuit
Given below is the circuit of SMPS. With this, we can understand the whole circuit.
Parts of SMPS (Switch mode power supply)
Switch Mode Power Supply is a device made up of different parts. The work of all the parts is also different. After doing all our work, we get pure DC supply in the output. Let us understand its parts and functions in detail.
Rectifier Unit – Diode is used in the Rectifier Unit, it converts the input AC into DC.
Output Regulator – Regulates the value of the voltage received at the output.
Glass Fuse – This is a protection device. In any abnormal situation, this fuse will cut off the supply. Due to which there is no damage to SMPS.
Transformer – The function of the transformer is to step up and step down the value of voltage.
Capacitor – It is common for electronics cards to have capacitors. It also filters power and stores energy.
Resistor – Resistor is also a requirement of an electronic circuit. It is a resistance where a value has to be controlled, it is used.
Power Transistor – Amplify power. The one that supplies more power is called a power transistor. Which are found in the form of NPN and PNP.
Aluminum Heat Sink – SMPS Power Supply being an electronic circuit, it is common to generate heat. The heat is removed from the aluminum heat sink. The temp is reduced.
Cooling Fan – A cooling fan is used in SMPS of high capacity. Its job is to cool the circuit.
Remember -: SMPS at The cutting edge filters and regulates the output in an efficient manner. Compared to Linear Regulator, Switch Mode Power Supply has less power loss.
Types of SMPS – Types of Power Supply
Types of SMPS on Modular Basis
- Non-Modular Power Supply
- Semi-Modular Power Supply
- Full Modular Power Supply
Types of SMPS on the basis of circuit
The type of Switch Mode Power Supply is based on its circuit. The function of all SMPS is the same. The input is 230 volt AC in all and the output is smooth D.C as per our requirement. But these are based on the type of circuit used during the whole process.
DC to DC Converter
This type of SMPS is used where we have input power DC and output power is also DC. It is mostly used in cars, trucks, buses, and bikes.
Well, there are two types of DC to DC converter.
- Linear
- Switched
In linear, the output is set by controlling the voltage from the resistance.
In Switched mode, switching takes place by PWM. Input is stored and released over time. This fix converts DC to variable DC.
Forward Converter
In this type of converter, a transformer is used to separate the input and output. To take more than one output, a transformer has more secondary.
In this type of converter, the current flows through both the primary and the secondary of the transformer simultaneously. The capacitor is not required in the output of this type of Switch Mode Power Supply.
When the transistor is turned on, energy is stored in the inductor. And when the transistor is turned off, energy is transferred. It is costlier in price than the Flyback.
Flyback Converter
Used to convert DC to DC and AC to DC. This converter works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. In this type of converter, a power transformer is used instead of an inductor.
In this, the input and output are two no's apart and the output is more than the input and it is also less. It is based on our needs. There is a controllable switch that is used in the series of power transformers. There is also a diode on the secondary side of the transformer.
Self Oscillation Flyback Converter
In the SMPS converter the inductor stores energy when the switch is turned on. Self Oscillation Flyback Converter also works on the same principle. Due to fewer components, it remains cheap. Its working capacity is also good. This converter must be run at least 10% load.
In this article on What is SMPS, all the information related to Switch Mode Power Supply has been shared. Hope this will be helpful for you. If you have any query related.
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Happy Learning!
